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![]() ![]() The text for this page is original to the Department of Energy's Office of History and Heritage Resources. To learn more about the atom, choose a web page from the menu below: To continue with a quick overview of the Science of the Manhattan Project, jump ahead to the description of Nuclear Physics. Bohr's very influential model proved to be very useful in the description of known experimental results and earned him the Nobel Prize in Bohr postulated that the atomĬonsisted of a hard nucleus, surrounded by electrons orbiting in discrete energy states. In this work Bohr combined Rutherford's atomic model of a massive nucleus with a quantum mechanical theory of energy. Niels Bohr published his hugely influential 1913 paper "On theĬonstitution of Atoms and Molecules," in three parts in Philosophical Magazine. Importantly, Rutherford's model would be picked up and reworked with newly developed quantum mechanical tools by Niels Bohr in what would come to be called the Bohr Atom. Of a hard, heavy, and electrically charged nucleus surrounded by oppositely charged particles. Through scattering experiments Rutherford argued that an atom was composed With the 1911 publication of Ernest Rutherford's model, ideas about atomic structure began to meaningfully resemble the model accepted today. This approach imagined a positively charged nucleus circled by rings of electrons, but it too suffered from theoretical Same journal as Thomson's model, was Japanese physicist Hantaro Nagaoka's "Saturnian" model of atomic structure. Also published in 1904, the same year and in the Thomson imagined an atomĬomposed of only electrons, and while his model had some promising features, it was not clear to observers how it could be used to describe certain known experimental phenomena. Thomson began developing an early and influential model for atomic structure. With the discovery of the electron in 1897, J.J. To satisfactorily model the structure of atoms, scientists needed to ensure that their models wouldīe stable and that they would be able to account for experimental results. ![]() Seaborg).įor many physicists and chemists, the study of atomic structure was an exciting area of research by the turn of the 20th century. Meitnerium (after Lise Meitner) and seaborgium (after Glenn T. Including berkelium (named for the University of California, Berkeley) bohrium (named for Niels Bohr) einsteinium (named for AlbertĮinstein) fermium (after Enrico Fermi) lawrencium (after Ernest O. Scientists have produced at least twenty-three elements in the laboratory, Plutonium, which has ninety-four electrons, is one such element. Yet, scientists can produce even heavier elements in the laboratory with the use of nuclear reactors. Only ninety-two elements occur in nature, from the lightest, hydrogen, having one proton, to the heaviest, uranium, with ninety-two protons. For example, all atoms of uranium have 92 protons, but one type of uranium, the isotope uranium-235 has 143 neutrons This means that atoms of the same element must have the same number of protons, but may have different numbers of neutrons, and consequently differentĪtomic weights. The atomic number, which definesĪ given element, consists solely of the number of protons in the nucleus. Scientists define the atomic mass to be the total number of protons and neutrons. The nucleus is so small compared with the rest of the atom, almost all of the mass of the atom is located there. Protons and neutrons have similar masses, and are about 1,800 times heavier than electrons. This means that if the nucleus was the same size as Earth, the radius of the atom would stretch all the way to the sun. The nucleus is only about 10-12 cm across, while the atom itself is about 10-8 cm. The nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons and makes a tiny fraction of the overall size of the atom. Current models of the structure of the atom consist of a small and relatively heavy nucleus Yet scientists realized that these atoms are themselves are made up of even smaller particlesĪnd at an even smaller scale, scientists now know that neutrons and protons are composed of tiny fundamental particles called quarks. For this reason, they are often considered to be the building blocks of nature. The smallest possible unit of any given element. An atom is a piece of matter that cannot be broken down into smaller units by chemical means, giving The early twentieth century, when the existence of atoms became widely accepted thanks to the work of Albert Einstein. The composition of these elements was a matter of speculation until Manhattan Project: Science > The Atom and Atomic Structureīy the nineteenth century chemists had recognized that the wide variety of materials that they studied were mixtures of basic, elementary substances. ![]() ![]() They are decent, but they shine in preset multis and the multis you make yourself. So when you're judging, for example, the two pianos that come with HALion 6, perhaps it makes more sense to think about how they can become elements in complex hybrid sounds, rather than to compare them with your favorite Kontakt piano libraries (where they probably lose). You can then assemble up to 64 programs into a multi. These instruments can be exported and played by anyone in the free HALion Sonic SE player available on the Steinberg site.įor those who don't know, HALion a hybrid sampler/synth that allows you to combine 4 layers into a "program" (preset/patch) There are 5 possible layers-synth (including typical analog, but also wavetable & granular), sample, instrument, drum, and sliced loops. ![]() Very intuitive-drag them into place, and then assign their functions in a way similar to using MIDI learn. And if you want to share that instrument, HALion also comes with a host of knobs, sliders, buttons, etc for you to make your own interface. and HALion makes all the files, names them and arranges them on the keyboard to build your (basic) instrument. For example, you hit one note, pause, then the next note, pause, etc. What makes HALion 6 special is that it has tools to automate making your own sampled instrument. If you're looking for a sampler/hybrid that has great libraries that comes with it or you can buy-HALion is not for you. I agree 100% that the HALion 6 strings and brass are pretty terrible, and of course I'll never use them. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() NOTE: If you chose to create a user account before purchasing, your purchased files will be in the downloads section inside your user account. Ensure you check your email spam/junk folder often the email ends up there. The files will also be auto sent to your email. YOU DO NOT need to have a PayPal account to buy, PayPal will give you an option to use your credit/debit.Īfter payment you will automatically be redirected to a download page where you can download the files. Step 4: Click PayPal Checkout to complete payment. Please ensure you input a correct email address your purchased files will also be auto sent there. Step 3: At the check-out page enter you billing details. ![]() Step 2: Once done adding the files, click the check-out button. Step 1: Click “Add to Cart” on the file(s) you would like to purchase. Product Tags# Among Us Valentines Day SVG, Love Is Among Us SVG, Among Us Heart SVG, Valentine’s Day SVG, Among us SVG, easter svg, love svg, heart svg, valentine svg, free svg files, happy easter svg, free valentine card svg, heart svg free, SVG Hubs, SVG files for Cricut, SVG files, Layered SVG files, Instant download SVG, Digital download, Cricut files, Trending SVG, silhouette files, SVG shirt design, svg bundle, SVG store, free svg files, scalable vectors, png files.ĮASY STEPS ON HOW TO PURCHASE AND DOWNLOAD: We are committed to our customers satisfaction. ► You can download a free SVG under the free SVG category to get reassured of our files’ quality and instant delivery. You will instantly receive a zipped file containing 8 files in the following different file formats: SVG, PNG, EPS, PNG, PSD, PDF, DXF and AI. ![]() ![]() Grab the throttle of the Cessna 172 by pressing and holding the trigger near it. In general, the manipulators in and around the aircraft function the way they would it real life. Feel free to try other aircraft but be aware they may have limited functionality & use. The default fleet (minus the SR-71) is VR-ready but 3rd party aircraft are probably far less usable in VR unless you use the 3D mouse to interact with the cockpit. From here you can access the main menu, all settings, and any pop up warning screens. Once VR is up and running on all devices, you should find yourself in a virtual hangar in X-Plane. You can turn VR off by unchecking the box in Settings, or by using the large blue Disable VR Headset button in the X-Plane window on the computer. As long as your headset is attached, there will be a check box at the bottom to “Enable VR hardware.” If you’re using a Windows Mixed Reality (WMR) device, in addition to SteamVR you’ll also need to install “Windows Mixed Reality for SteamVR,” which is available from the Steam Library as well.įinally, launch X-Plane and go to Settings > VR Hardware. Click on SteamVR under the Tools section in the left sidebar, then the install button. Once the Steam client is installed and you have signed in, go to Library > VR. Next, if you don’t already have it, Vive and WMR users will need to download the Steam software and create a free account in order to install SteamVR. For example, with the Oculus Rift, you would go to Settings > General and toggle the button to the right to enable apps from Unknown Sources, such as X-Plane. You may need to enable foreign apps in the VR system settings. ![]() To get started using VR, first set up your device according to manufacturer’s instructions. Room-sized VR is supported, as well as using joysticks and other USB devices. Steam VR is compatible with the X-Plane 11 DVD set, digital download edition, and X-Plane on Steam. ![]() Note: Steam VR is a free download that enables X-Plane 11 to use VR. X-Plane supports the HTC Vive, Oculus Rift, and Windows Mixed Reality (WMR). Your CPU & GPU will need to meet all additional requirements as specified by your headset manufacturer. Steam VR installed for Vive/WMR and “Windows Mixed Reality for SteamVR” for WMR.HTC Vive, Oculus Rift, or Windows Mixed Reality (WMR). ![]() ![]() ![]() If you have a different distro, the command is pretty much the same. You can install fortune in Redhat, CentOS, Fedora of any yum based Linux distros using the following command: yum install fortune Usually fortune is available in all the basic standard repositories, otherwise just add them for your respective Linux version. You can install fortune in Debian, Ubuntu or Kali Linux or any aptitude/apt-get based distro using the following command: apt-get install fortune If you’re not familiar with fortune and cowsay then keep reading for details otherwise you can just jump into the code section. Few lines of codes, and my Linux terminal becomes more alive! However, I wanted to show a random creature saying different fortune quotes on my terminal.I could find random figment of instructions in different forums and decided to write a small guide on how to do it properly. Normally all the guides using fortune and cowsay uses the default creatures (a.k.a Cow!) to show different quotes. In 2007 it was highlighted as a Debian package of the day.įortune and Cowsay – random quotes and animals It is more or less a joke within hacker culture, but has been around long enough that its use is rather widespread. ![]() It is sometimes used on IRC, desktop screenshots, and in software documentation. Since it is written in Perl, it is adaptable to other systems such as Microsoft w files for cowsay exist which are able to produce different variants of “cows”, with different kinds of “eyes”, and so forth. Tony Monroe is credited as the original author. It can also generate pictures using pre-made images of other animals, such as Tux the Penguin, the Linux mascot. Distributions of fortune are usually bundled with a collection of themed files, containing sayings like those found on fortune cookies (hence the name), quotations from famous people, jokes, or poetry.Ĭowsay is a program which generates ASCII pictures of a cow with a message. The most common version on modern systems is the BSD fortune, originally written by Ken Arnold. Fortune is a simple program that displays a pseudorandom message from a database of quotations that first appeared in Version 7 Unix. ![]() ![]() ![]() She's communications director at the national advocacy organization Decriminalize Sex Work.ĪRIELA MOSCOWITZ: I feel pretty confident in saying Washington probably has some of the harshest restrictions, and they don't necessarily do anything to improve the health or safety of those working there or those visiting the establishment. NICKELSBURG: Ariela Moscowitz says if this bill passes, it could turn one of the most conservative states for stripping into one of the most progressive. ISAAC KASTAMA: Most states have figured out ways to do this that, I think, have better outcomes than we have in Washington, so we remain optimistic. In public testimony, he said club owners had some reservations about how realistic the training and security requirements in the bill were but that they were broadly supportive of its goals. Isaac Kastama, a lobbyist representing five club owner groups, also declined to comment. We also reached out to the owners of Washington's major strip clubs, but none were willing to comment. NICKELSBURG: Twenty Washington state senators voted against the bill before it went to the House, but none of them wanted to elaborate on their position. ZACK-WU: Without any customer volume and without any food or drink or entertainment to sell, we are the commodity. NICKELSBURG: At a bar next door, which is full of customers, Zack-Wu says that without revenue from alcohol, charging fees to dancers is one of the only ways clubs can make money. Zack-Wu and Champion say that's partly because there's no drink service here. In this strip club on a Friday night, there are only two customers in the audience. ![]() The prohibition dates back to a 1970s rule that bans alcohol sales in the presence of nudity. NICKELSBURG: Washington is the only state in the country with a complete ban on alcohol in strip clubs, according to the bill's sponsor and industry experts. NICKELSBURG: Can I have some type of diet cola? UNIDENTIFIED BARTENDER: What you guys want to drink? Where a bartender slings sodas while a dancer undresses on stage. UNIDENTIFIED EMCEE: Put your hands together for trouble. To illustrate why that's an issue, Zack-Wu and Champion take me to a strip club in Seattle. But the bill could do something else as well - pave the way to legalize alcohol in Washington strip clubs where it's currently banned. The group is pushing for a bill that would do things like limit the fees clubs can charge dancers, require a security guard to be on duty and mandate sexual harassment training for all club employees. Both Madison Zack-Wu and Kasey Champion are now activists with the organization Strippers Are Workers. NICKELSBURG: She says dancers she knew sometimes racked up thousands of dollars of debt to the club. Now that was regardless of if I made money, so If I showed up that day and didn't have any just cash in my pocket and I didn't make any money, then I could put my debt down. It's standard for clubs to charge strippers house fees to use the stage, but Champion says that the fees in Washington were more than double those in the other states where she worked, like Oregon and Nevada. NICKELSBURG: Kasey Champion, another longtime Washington dancer who has since retired, says there were other problems, too. MADISON ZACK-WU: Management encouraging me to work with customers that were known to be harmful and violent even, and there was definitely a pressure to dance with them. Stripping became her path to financial independence, but she quickly started to notice problems in the clubs where she worked. MONICA NICKELSBURG, BYLINE: By the time Madison Zack-Wu was 18, she says she was living on her own and supporting herself. From member station KUOW in Seattle, Monica Nickelsburg reports. It's been championed by adult dancing activists who say Washington has archaic laws around strip clubs. The Washington State Legislature is considering a bill that advocates call a Strippers' Bill of Rights. ![]() ![]() RC9 or ‘hypomanic activation’ – energetic drive and desire for exertion In 2003, 9 restructured clinical or ‘RC’ scales were introduced as a prospective replacement for the original clinical scales. Despite further advancements, the MMPI-2 is still the most commonly administered version and has been translated into over 40 languages. Gendered differences were replaced with a nongendered standardized scoring. Test items were revised based upon a larger and more diverse sample size of 2600 attuned to a 6th-grade reading level. This assessment retains the original total of 567 items with the same corresponding 14 scales with the original number of questions from the test. Graham, Auke Tellegen, and Beverly Kaemme in 1989. ![]() These shortcomings led to the release of the MMPI-2 by James N. Studies have established biases in which misunderstanding or failure to identify with the content of questions culturally has led to underreporting or overreporting mental illness. This has been attributed to the original sample being a small group, mainly consisting of young rural Caucasian subjects from the Midwestern United States. Overarching criticisms to the original test center on its disparity in addressing psychopathy in social and ethnic minorities. Likewise, the instrument has been adapted to reflect such changes. The existence of the MMPI has been concurrent with vast reforms in societal convention and increased understanding of behavioral health. The first four ‘content scales’ judge the validity of the test attempt and include: The responses are then hand-scored and plotted on an X-Y graph a separate version is used for male and female respondents. The MMPI was developed in the 1930s and published through the University of Minnesota in 1942 by Stuart Hathaway and Charley McKinley using visitors of patients at the University of Minnesota hospital as a base sample in both theorizing constructs of psychiatric illness and fielding the instrument. Testing is administered through 567 true or false items using a booklet with an accompanying answer sheet. ![]() For psychiatric management, this aids in creating generalizable data relevant to a plethora of possible conditions. The most common treatment application of the test by providers is establishing or reevaluating care for an ambiguous clinical picture. This data can be used to draw conclusions about the test taker’s psychopathy or to interpret psychological characteristics compared to the norm. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is the most common psychometric test devised to assess personality traits and psychopathology. ![]() ![]() ![]() This is the only objective measure to ensure the BPPV has resolvedĭr John M Epley was my mentor and I hope this video will help shine a light on the signficance of his work and inspire you to encourage friends, family members, or patients experiencing random, recurrent, and abrupt episodes of vertigo, to seek diagnosis and treatment. Follow-up the patient ONE-week post-treatment and repeat the diagnostic tests.The treatment of the semicircular canal(s) using a CRM in the plane of the canal.Most often it is one ear and one semicircular canal The ear and semicircular canal(s) affected. ![]() But fear not The Epley Maneuver offers hope for those suffering from a specific type of vertigo called benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). If you’ve ever experienced it, you know how disruptive it can be to your daily life. The vertigo is caused by BPPV because there are central pathologies which mimic peripheral BPPV and upper cervical problems which cause dizziness/light headedness Vertigoa spinning sensation that makes the world tilt and swaycan be disorienting and distressing.If you have back or neck problems, the maneuver could cause injury. However, you should always see a healthcare provider before you attempt the maneuver at home. The Dix-Hallpike and Supine Roll manoeuvres are the international gold standard diagnostic tests for BPPV using infra-red video Frenzel goggles to prevent visual fixation. The home Epley maneuver is safe for people without medical conditions that limit mobility. BPPV is all too often neither diagnosed nor managed correctly. The Epley maneuver helps move canaliths (calcium crystals) out of your utricle and back into your semicircular canals where they belong. The Epley Manoeuvre as BPPV treatmentĪlthough, BPPV is benign, the consequences of this disorder are NOT!īPPV is a major cause of falls in the older population, often resulting in life-threatening injuries, loss of independence, fear of falling and social isolation. It captures Dr John Epley explaining how he developed the Particle Theory and the Canalilthiasis Repositioning Manoeuvre (CRM) to treat BPPV that replaced the Habituation Theory on which the Brandt Daroff exercises were predicated. The video you are about to view is rare, and has surfaced on the Dr John M Epley profile page on the site, Life In The Fast Lane. He proposed the Particle theory and the treatment of BPPV, namely the Epley Manoeuvre (Canalilthiasis Re-positioning Manoeuvre) which repositions the particles (otoconia) in the semicircular canal into the utricle using gravity. ![]() ![]() (2014).Dr John M Epley, an Ear, Nose and Throat specialist changed the course of history and made an enormous difference to the lives of people suffering Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV), the most common inner ear disorder which causes random, recurrent, and abrupt episodes of vertigo (an illusion or hallucination of movement) for which there had been no satisfactory treatment.
![]() ![]() For example, exporting from the UK requires commercial invoices only to countries outside the EU. As some countries make shipping and trade easy with their allies and though not require a commercial invoice. Its main purpose is to ease the process of customs control and charges.īut It depends on the countries entitled. When is a commercial invoice required?Īs We discussed, commercial invoices are required in international trade. It works as legal proof of sale in international trade. The sellers or exporters are the ones who are responsible for issuing the commercial invoices to the buyers or importers. It also makes it easier for authorities to decide the import duties and taxes on the shipped package. It prevents any delay in shipping your package. Although it is not a statement of ownership, it is necessary for customs clearance in international imports and exports.Ī commercial invoice is a document that makes it easier for you to export packages through customs authorities. The seller issues this type of invoice to the buyer to describe the goods, prices, value, and quantity. Let’s Dive In! What Is A Commercial Invoice?Ī commercial invoice is a contact invoice that works as proof of sales. With downloadable for export commercial invoice template in all the forms to customize your invoice.How to make commercial invoices for export?.What is the difference between commercial invoices and all the other types of invoices?.What are commercial invoices and their uses?.If any mistakes occur, they could result in serious problems and long shipping delays. It provides detailed information about the product (price, value, and quantity), sales terms, payment, the buyer’s information, and the seller’s information. It is the most used invoice in international shipping and trade. One of the most famous types of invoices is the commercial invoice. Management Solution for Outsourcing and Consulting Enterprisesīusiness Solution for International Trade Operations Online Billing and Management Software for Accounting Firms Retail stores accounting & billing systemīeauty salon management & appointment software Schools & nurseries accounting and management software Gym and fitness center memberships management & accounting systemĬlinic and patient management and billing software Invoicing and accounting System for Law Firms Maintenance management & Accounting SystemĬar workshop management and billing software ![]() |
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